From f9b6b41f0cf31791541cea9644ddbedb46465801 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chenghao Duan <duanchenghao@kylinos.cn>
Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2025 19:00:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] LoongArch: BPF: Add basic bpf trampoline support

BPF trampoline is the critical infrastructure of the BPF subsystem,
acting as a mediator between kernel functions and BPF programs. Numerous
important features, such as using BPF program for zero overhead kernel
introspection, rely on this key component.

The related tests have passed, including the following technical points:
1. fentry
2. fmod_ret
3. fexit

The following related testcases passed on LoongArch:
sudo ./test_progs -a fentry_test/fentry
sudo ./test_progs -a fexit_test/fexit
sudo ./test_progs -a fentry_fexit
sudo ./test_progs -a modify_return
sudo ./test_progs -a fexit_sleep
sudo ./test_progs -a test_overhead
sudo ./test_progs -a trampoline_count

This issue was first reported by Geliang Tang in June 2024 while
debugging MPTCP BPF selftests on a LoongArch machine (see commit
eef0532e900c "selftests/bpf: Null checks for links in bpf_tcp_ca").
Geliang, Huacai, and Tiezhu then worked together to drive the
implementation of this feature, encouraging broader collaboration among
Chinese kernel engineers.

Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202507100034.wXofj6VX-lkp@intel.com/
Reported-by: Geliang Tang <geliang@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Tested-by: Vincent Li <vincent.mc.li@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: George Guo <guodongtai@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chenghao Duan <duanchenghao@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
---
 arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c | 377 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.h |   6 +
 2 files changed, 383 insertions(+)

--- a/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c
@@ -7,9 +7,15 @@
 #include <linux/memory.h>
 #include "bpf_jit.h"
 
+#define LOONGARCH_MAX_REG_ARGS 8
+
 #define LOONGARCH_LONG_JUMP_NINSNS 5
 #define LOONGARCH_LONG_JUMP_NBYTES (LOONGARCH_LONG_JUMP_NINSNS * 4)
 
+#define LOONGARCH_FENTRY_NINSNS 2
+#define LOONGARCH_FENTRY_NBYTES (LOONGARCH_FENTRY_NINSNS * 4)
+#define LOONGARCH_BPF_FENTRY_NBYTES (LOONGARCH_LONG_JUMP_NINSNS * 4)
+
 #define REG_TCC		LOONGARCH_GPR_A6
 #define TCC_SAVED	LOONGARCH_GPR_S5
 
@@ -1222,6 +1228,11 @@ static int emit_jump_or_nops(void *targe
 	return emit_jump_and_link(&ctx, is_call ? LOONGARCH_GPR_T0 : LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, (u64)target);
 }
 
+static int emit_call(struct jit_ctx *ctx, u64 addr)
+{
+	return emit_jump_and_link(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_RA, addr);
+}
+
 void *bpf_arch_text_copy(void *dst, void *src, size_t len)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -1287,6 +1298,372 @@ int bpf_arch_text_invalidate(void *dst,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static void store_args(struct jit_ctx *ctx, int nargs, int args_off)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0 + i, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -args_off);
+		args_off -= 8;
+	}
+}
+
+static void restore_args(struct jit_ctx *ctx, int nargs, int args_off)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+		emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0 + i, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -args_off);
+		args_off -= 8;
+	}
+}
+
+static int invoke_bpf_prog(struct jit_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_tramp_link *l,
+			   int args_off, int retval_off, int run_ctx_off, bool save_ret)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u32 *branch;
+	struct bpf_prog *p = l->link.prog;
+	int cookie_off = offsetof(struct bpf_tramp_run_ctx, bpf_cookie);
+
+	if (l->cookie) {
+		move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, l->cookie, false);
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -run_ctx_off + cookie_off);
+	} else {
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -run_ctx_off + cookie_off);
+	}
+
+	/* arg1: prog */
+	move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, (const s64)p, false);
+	/* arg2: &run_ctx */
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_A1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -run_ctx_off);
+	ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)bpf_trampoline_enter(p));
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* store prog start time */
+	move_reg(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_S1, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0);
+
+	/*
+	 * if (__bpf_prog_enter(prog) == 0)
+	 *      goto skip_exec_of_prog;
+	 */
+	branch = (u32 *)ctx->image + ctx->idx;
+	/* nop reserved for conditional jump */
+	emit_insn(ctx, nop);
+
+	/* arg1: &args_off */
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -args_off);
+	if (!p->jited)
+		move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A1, (const s64)p->insnsi, false);
+	ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)p->bpf_func);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (save_ret) {
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -retval_off);
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, regmap[BPF_REG_0], LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -(retval_off - 8));
+	}
+
+	/* update branch with beqz */
+	if (ctx->image) {
+		int offset = (void *)(&ctx->image[ctx->idx]) - (void *)branch;
+		*branch = larch_insn_gen_beq(LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, offset);
+	}
+
+	/* arg1: prog */
+	move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, (const s64)p, false);
+	/* arg2: prog start time */
+	move_reg(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A1, LOONGARCH_GPR_S1);
+	/* arg3: &run_ctx */
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_A2, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -run_ctx_off);
+	ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)bpf_trampoline_exit(p));
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void invoke_bpf_mod_ret(struct jit_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_tramp_links *tl,
+			       int args_off, int retval_off, int run_ctx_off, u32 **branches)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -retval_off);
+	for (i = 0; i < tl->nr_links; i++) {
+		invoke_bpf_prog(ctx, tl->links[i], args_off, retval_off, run_ctx_off, true);
+		emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -retval_off);
+		branches[i] = (u32 *)ctx->image + ctx->idx;
+		emit_insn(ctx, nop);
+	}
+}
+
+void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
+{
+	return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole);
+}
+
+void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
+{
+	bpf_prog_pack_free(image, size);
+}
+
+static int __arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(struct jit_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_tramp_image *im,
+					 const struct btf_func_model *m, struct bpf_tramp_links *tlinks,
+					 void *func_addr, u32 flags)
+{
+	int i, ret, save_ret;
+	int stack_size = 0, nargs = 0;
+	int retval_off, args_off, nargs_off, ip_off, run_ctx_off, sreg_off;
+	void *orig_call = func_addr;
+	struct bpf_tramp_links *fentry = &tlinks[BPF_TRAMP_FENTRY];
+	struct bpf_tramp_links *fexit = &tlinks[BPF_TRAMP_FEXIT];
+	struct bpf_tramp_links *fmod_ret = &tlinks[BPF_TRAMP_MODIFY_RETURN];
+	u32 **branches = NULL;
+
+	if (flags & (BPF_TRAMP_F_ORIG_STACK | BPF_TRAMP_F_SHARE_IPMODIFY))
+		return -ENOTSUPP;
+
+	/*
+	 * FP + 8       [ RA to parent func ] return address to parent
+	 *                    function
+	 * FP + 0       [ FP of parent func ] frame pointer of parent
+	 *                    function
+	 * FP - 8       [ T0 to traced func ] return address of traced
+	 *                    function
+	 * FP - 16      [ FP of traced func ] frame pointer of traced
+	 *                    function
+	 *
+	 * FP - retval_off  [ return value      ] BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG or
+	 *                    BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET
+	 *                  [ argN              ]
+	 *                  [ ...               ]
+	 * FP - args_off    [ arg1              ]
+	 *
+	 * FP - nargs_off   [ regs count        ]
+	 *
+	 * FP - ip_off      [ traced func   ] BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG
+	 *
+	 * FP - run_ctx_off [ bpf_tramp_run_ctx ]
+	 *
+	 * FP - sreg_off    [ callee saved reg  ]
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	if (m->nr_args > LOONGARCH_MAX_REG_ARGS)
+		return -ENOTSUPP;
+
+	if (flags & (BPF_TRAMP_F_ORIG_STACK | BPF_TRAMP_F_SHARE_IPMODIFY))
+		return -ENOTSUPP;
+
+	stack_size = 0;
+
+	/* Room of trampoline frame to store return address and frame pointer */
+	stack_size += 16;
+
+	save_ret = flags & (BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG | BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET);
+	if (save_ret) {
+		/* Save BPF R0 and A0 */
+		stack_size += 16;
+		retval_off = stack_size;
+	}
+
+	/* Room of trampoline frame to store args */
+	nargs = m->nr_args;
+	stack_size += nargs * 8;
+	args_off = stack_size;
+
+	/* Room of trampoline frame to store args number */
+	stack_size += 8;
+	nargs_off = stack_size;
+
+	/* Room of trampoline frame to store ip address */
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG) {
+		stack_size += 8;
+		ip_off = stack_size;
+	}
+
+	/* Room of trampoline frame to store struct bpf_tramp_run_ctx */
+	stack_size += round_up(sizeof(struct bpf_tramp_run_ctx), 8);
+	run_ctx_off = stack_size;
+
+	stack_size += 8;
+	sreg_off = stack_size;
+
+	stack_size = round_up(stack_size, 16);
+
+	/* For the trampoline called from function entry */
+	/* RA and FP for parent function */
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, -16);
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_RA, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 8);
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 0);
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 16);
+
+	/* RA and FP for traced function */
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, -stack_size);
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_T0, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size - 8);
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size - 16);
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size);
+
+	/* callee saved register S1 to pass start time */
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_S1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -sreg_off);
+
+	/* store ip address of the traced function */
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG) {
+		move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, (const s64)func_addr, false);
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -ip_off);
+	}
+
+	/* store nargs number */
+	move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, nargs, false);
+	emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -nargs_off);
+
+	store_args(ctx, nargs, args_off);
+
+	/* To traced function */
+	/* Ftrace jump skips 2 NOP instructions */
+	if (is_kernel_text((unsigned long)orig_call))
+		orig_call += LOONGARCH_FENTRY_NBYTES;
+	/* Direct jump skips 5 NOP instructions */
+	else if (is_bpf_text_address((unsigned long)orig_call))
+		orig_call += LOONGARCH_BPF_FENTRY_NBYTES;
+
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
+		move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, (const s64)im, false);
+		ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)__bpf_tramp_enter);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < fentry->nr_links; i++) {
+		ret = invoke_bpf_prog(ctx, fentry->links[i], args_off, retval_off,
+				      run_ctx_off, flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+	if (fmod_ret->nr_links) {
+		branches  = kcalloc(fmod_ret->nr_links, sizeof(u32 *), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!branches)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		invoke_bpf_mod_ret(ctx, fmod_ret, args_off, retval_off, run_ctx_off, branches);
+	}
+
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
+		restore_args(ctx, m->nr_args, args_off);
+		ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)orig_call);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -retval_off);
+		emit_insn(ctx, std, regmap[BPF_REG_0], LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -(retval_off - 8));
+		im->ip_after_call = ctx->ro_image + ctx->idx;
+		/* Reserve space for the move_imm + jirl instruction */
+		for (i = 0; i < LOONGARCH_LONG_JUMP_NINSNS; i++)
+			emit_insn(ctx, nop);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; ctx->image && i < fmod_ret->nr_links; i++) {
+		int offset = (void *)(&ctx->image[ctx->idx]) - (void *)branches[i];
+		*branches[i] = larch_insn_gen_bne(LOONGARCH_GPR_T1, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, offset);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < fexit->nr_links; i++) {
+		ret = invoke_bpf_prog(ctx, fexit->links[i], args_off, retval_off, run_ctx_off, false);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
+		im->ip_epilogue = ctx->ro_image + ctx->idx;
+		move_imm(ctx, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, (const s64)im, false);
+		ret = emit_call(ctx, (const u64)__bpf_tramp_exit);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RESTORE_REGS)
+		restore_args(ctx, m->nr_args, args_off);
+
+	if (save_ret) {
+		emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_A0, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -retval_off);
+		emit_insn(ctx, ldd, regmap[BPF_REG_0], LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -(retval_off - 8));
+	}
+
+	emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_S1, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, -sreg_off);
+
+	/* trampoline called from function entry */
+	emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_T0, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size - 8);
+	emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size - 16);
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, stack_size);
+
+	emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_RA, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 8);
+	emit_insn(ctx, ldd, LOONGARCH_GPR_FP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 0);
+	emit_insn(ctx, addid, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, LOONGARCH_GPR_SP, 16);
+
+	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_SKIP_FRAME)
+		/* return to parent function */
+		emit_insn(ctx, jirl, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, LOONGARCH_GPR_RA, 0);
+	else
+		/* return to traced function */
+		emit_insn(ctx, jirl, LOONGARCH_GPR_ZERO, LOONGARCH_GPR_T0, 0);
+
+	ret = ctx->idx;
+out:
+	kfree(branches);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(struct bpf_tramp_image *im, void *ro_image,
+				void *ro_image_end, const struct btf_func_model *m,
+				u32 flags, struct bpf_tramp_links *tlinks, void *func_addr)
+{
+	int ret, size;
+	void *image, *tmp;
+	struct jit_ctx ctx;
+
+	size = ro_image_end - ro_image;
+	image = kvmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!image)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ctx.image = (union loongarch_instruction *)image;
+	ctx.ro_image = (union loongarch_instruction *)ro_image;
+	ctx.idx = 0;
+
+	jit_fill_hole(image, (unsigned int)(ro_image_end - ro_image));
+	ret = __arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(&ctx, im, m, tlinks, func_addr, flags);
+	if (ret > 0 && validate_code(&ctx) < 0) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	tmp = bpf_arch_text_copy(ro_image, image, size);
+	if (IS_ERR(tmp)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(tmp);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	bpf_flush_icache(ro_image, ro_image_end);
+out:
+	kvfree(image);
+	return ret < 0 ? ret : size;
+}
+
+int arch_bpf_trampoline_size(const struct btf_func_model *m, u32 flags,
+			     struct bpf_tramp_links *tlinks, void *func_addr)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct jit_ctx ctx;
+	struct bpf_tramp_image im;
+
+	ctx.image = NULL;
+	ctx.idx = 0;
+
+	ret = __arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(&ctx, &im, m, tlinks, func_addr, flags);
+
+	/* Page align */
+	return ret < 0 ? ret : round_up(ret * LOONGARCH_INSN_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
 struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
 	bool tmp_blinded = false, extra_pass = false;
--- a/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.h
+++ b/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ struct jit_ctx {
 	u32 *offset;
 	int num_exentries;
 	union loongarch_instruction *image;
+	union loongarch_instruction *ro_image;
 	u32 stack_size;
 };
 
@@ -308,3 +309,8 @@ static inline int emit_tailcall_jmp(stru
 
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
+
+static inline void bpf_flush_icache(void *start, void *end)
+{
+	flush_icache_range((unsigned long)start, (unsigned long)end);
+}
